Semiconductors are materials that have electrical conductivity between that of conductors (like metals) and insulators (like ceramics). They can conduct electricity under certain conditions, making them essential for the functioning of electronic devices. The most common semiconductor materials are silicon and germanium.
Semiconductors are characterized by their ability to control electrical current; they can be modified by introducing impurities in a process known as doping, allowing them to either gain or lose electrons. This property enables the creation of various electronic components such as diodes, transistors, and integrated circuits. These components are the building blocks of modern electronics, enabling the operation of devices ranging from smartphones to computers and solar cells.
In summary, semiconductors are crucial materials in the field of electronics, serving as the foundation for a wide array of technologies through their unique ability to regulate electrical current.
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